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近(jin)日，國務(wu)院印發《“十四五”節能減排(pai)綜合(he)工作方案(an)》（以(yi)下簡稱《方案(an)》）

《方案》指(zhi)出，以習近平(ping)新(xin)時代(dai)中國特色社(she)會主(zhu)義思(si)想為指(zhi)導，全面(mian)貫(guan)徹黨的十九大(da)和十九屆歷次(ci)全會精神，深入貫(guan)徹習近平(ping)生(sheng)態文明思(si)想，堅(jian)持穩中求進(jin)工(gong)作總基調(diao)，立(li)足新(xin)發展階段，完(wan)整、準確、全面(mian)貫(guan)徹新(xin)發展理(li)念，構建新(xin)發展格局，推動(dong)高(gao)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)發展，完(wan)善實(shi)施能源消費強度和總量(liang)(liang)雙控、主(zhu)要污染物排放(fang)(fang)總量(liang)(liang)控制(zhi)制(zhi)度，組織實(shi)施節(jie)能減排重點(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)，進(jin)一步健全節(jie)能減排政策機制(zhi)，推動(dong)能源利用效率大(da)幅(fu)提高(gao)、主(zhu)要污染物排放(fang)(fang)總量(liang)(liang)持續減少，實(shi)現節(jie)能降碳(tan)(tan)減污協同增(zeng)效、生(sheng)態環(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)持續改善，確保(bao)完(wan)成“十四五”節(jie)能減排目(mu)標，為實(shi)現碳(tan)(tan)達峰、碳(tan)(tan)中和目(mu)標奠定堅(jian)實(shi)基礎(chu)。

《方案》明(ming)確，到(dao)2025年，全國(guo)單位國(guo)內(nei)生產總(zong)值(zhi)能(neng)源消耗比2020年下降13.5%，能(neng)源消費總(zong)量(liang)(liang)得到(dao)合理控制(zhi)，化學需氧(yang)量(liang)(liang)、氨(an)氮、氮氧(yang)化物、揮發(fa)性有機物排(pai)放總(zong)量(liang)(liang)比2020年分別(bie)下降8%、8%、10%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)、10%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)。節(jie)能(neng)減排(pai)政策機制(zhi)更加健(jian)全，重點行(xing)業能(neng)源利(li)用效(xiao)率(lv)和主要污染物排(pai)放控制(zhi)水(shui)平基本達到(dao)國(guo)際先進水(shui)平，經濟社會發(fa)展綠色(se)轉(zhuan)型取得顯著成效(xiao)。

《方案(an)》部(bu)署了十大重(zhong)點工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，包括重(zhong)點行業(ye)綠色(se)升級工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、園(yuan)區節(jie)能(neng)環保提(ti)(ti)升工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、城鎮綠色(se)節(jie)能(neng)改造(zao)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、交通物(wu)流節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、農業(ye)農村(cun)節(jie)能(neng)減(jian)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、公共機構能(neng)效提(ti)(ti)升工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、重(zhong)點區域污染物(wu)減(jian)排工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、煤炭清(qing)潔(jie)高效利用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、揮發性有機物(wu)綜合整治工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、環境(jing)基礎設施水(shui)平提(ti)(ti)升工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，明確了具體目(mu)標任務。

十大(da)重點(dian)工程(cheng)中，農(nong)(nong)業農(nong)(nong)村(cun)節(jie)能(neng)(neng)減排工程(cheng)是(shi)其中之(zhi)一。《方案》指出，加快風能(neng)(neng)、太陽能(neng)(neng)、生(sheng)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)能(neng)(neng)等可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源在農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產和(he)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)活中的(de)應用，有序推進農(nong)(nong)村(cun)清潔取暖。推廣應用農(nong)(nong)用電(dian)動車輛、節(jie)能(neng)(neng)環保(bao)農(nong)(nong)機和(he)漁船，發展節(jie)能(neng)(neng)農(nong)(nong)業大(da)棚，推進農(nong)(nong)房節(jie)能(neng)(neng)改造和(he)綠(lv)色農(nong)(nong)房建(jian)設。強化農(nong)(nong)業面源污(wu)染防(fang)治(zhi)，推進農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)化肥(fei)減量(liang)增效、秸(jie)稈綜合利(li)用，加快農(nong)(nong)膜和(he)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)包裝廢棄物(wu)(wu)回(hui)收處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)。深入推進規(gui)模養(yang)(yang)殖場污(wu)染治(zhi)理(li)(li)，整縣推進畜禽糞污(wu)資源化利(li)用。整治(zhi)提升農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人(ren)居環境(jing)，提高農(nong)(nong)村(cun)污(wu)水(shui)垃圾處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)能(neng)(neng)力，基(ji)本消除較大(da)面積的(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)黑臭水(shui)體(ti)。到(dao)(dao)(dao)2025年(nian)，農(nong)(nong)村(cun)生(sheng)活污(wu)水(shui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)40%，秸(jie)稈綜合利(li)用率(lv)穩定在86%以(yi)上，主要農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)(wu)化肥(fei)、農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)利(li)用率(lv)均達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)43%以(yi)上，畜禽糞污(wu)綜合利(li)用率(lv)達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)80%以(yi)上，綠(lv)色防(fang)控、統防(fang)統治(zhi)覆蓋率(lv)分別達(da)到(dao)(dao)(dao)55%、45%，京(jing)津冀及周(zhou)邊地區大(da)型規(gui)模化養(yang)(yang)殖場氨排放(fang)總(zong)量(liang)削(xue)減5%。

《方案》從八個方面健全政(zheng)策機(ji)制。一是(shi)優化(hua)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)能耗雙控制度(du)。二是(shi)健全污染(ran)物(wu)排放(fang)總量控制制度(du)。三是(shi)堅決遏制高耗能高排放(fang)項目盲(mang)目發展。四是(shi)健全法規標準。五是(shi)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)經濟政(zheng)策。六(liu)是(shi)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)市場(chang)化(hua)機(ji)制。七是(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)統計監測能力建設。八是(shi)壯(zhuang)大(da)節(jie)能減排人才隊伍(wu)。

《方(fang)案》要(yao)(yao)求，加強組織領導(dao)，各(ge)(ge)地區(qu)、各(ge)(ge)部門和(he)各(ge)(ge)有(you)關單位要(yao)(yao)充(chong)分認識節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)工(gong)作的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性和(he)緊迫性，把(ba)思想(xiang)和(he)行(xing)動(dong)統一到黨中央、國務院關于(yu)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)的(de)(de)決策部署上(shang)來，堅持系(xi)統觀念，明(ming)確目(mu)標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)，狠抓工(gong)作落實(shi)。要(yao)(yao)強化監督(du)考(kao)核，開展(zhan)“十四五”省級人民政府節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)目(mu)標(biao)責(ze)任(ren)評價考(kao)核，科學運用(yong)考(kao)核結果。要(yao)(yao)完善能(neng)(neng)耗雙控考(kao)核措施，統籌(chou)目(mu)標(biao)完成(cheng)進(jin)展(zhan)、經濟(ji)形(xing)勢及(ji)跨周期因素(su)，優化考(kao)核頻次。繼續開展(zhan)污(wu)染防治(zhi)攻堅戰成(cheng)效(xiao)考(kao)核。完善中央生態環境保護督(du)察制(zhi)度。要(yao)(yao)開展(zhan)全(quan)民行(xing)動(dong)，深入開展(zhan)綠(lv)色生活(huo)(huo)創建行(xing)動(dong)，增強全(quan)民節(jie)(jie)約(yue)意識，倡導(dao)簡約(yue)適度、綠(lv)色低碳(tan)、文明(ming)健康的(de)(de)生活(huo)(huo)方(fang)式，堅決抵制(zhi)和(he)反對各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)形(xing)式的(de)(de)奢侈浪費，營造(zao)綠(lv)色低碳(tan)社會風尚。組織開展(zhan)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)主題宣(xuan)傳活(huo)(huo)動(dong)，加大先進(jin)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)技術研發和(he)推廣(guang)力度，支持節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)公益事業，引導(dao)市場(chang)主體、社會公眾自覺履行(xing)節(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)減(jian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)責(ze)任(ren)。