文/李建(jian)春 甘肅銅城工程建(jian)設有限(xian)公司

　　【摘要】當前，建筑(zhu)基礎(chu)工(gong)程(cheng)逐(zhu)漸增加(jia)，建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量的(de)要求也越來越嚴格。與其(qi)他(ta)行業不同的(de)是，建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)包括的(de)項(xiang)目眾多。長此以往，可能導(dao)致(zhi)施工(gong)環節(jie)出(chu)錯，對(dui)建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)質(zhi)量產生較大的(de)影響。基于此，建筑(zhu)企業就需要從多元化的(de)角度入手，加(jia)強(qiang)成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)控力度、保證(zheng)施工(gong)活動的(de)安全性，規避(bi)各(ge)個(ge)環節(jie)存在(zai)的(de)問題，解決(jue)施工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)模(mo)式存在(zai)的(de)缺陷。下面重點分析了建筑(zhu)工(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)面臨的(de)核(he)心問題，然后(hou)提出(chu)了加(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)力度、提升對(dui)施工(gong)安全管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)重視(shi)度、落實(shi)工(gong)程(cheng)進度管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)作、加(jia)強(qiang)工(gong)程(cheng)成本(ben)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)力度、嚴格控制材(cai)料質(zhi)量等方面的(de)對(dui)策(ce)，具(ju)體內容如(ru)下。

　　【關鍵詞】建(jian)筑工程(cheng);施工管理;工程(cheng)質(zhi)量;技術(shu)交(jiao)底

　　【引言】基于經濟建(jian)(jian)設持續(xu)優化(hua)與(yu)(yu)發(fa)展的(de)(de)條件下，建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)逐漸(jian)增加。由于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)額較大(da)，會對大(da)眾的(de)(de)生活產生一定的(de)(de)影(ying)響。基于此，就需要做(zuo)(zuo)好建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，以此顯著(zhu)提(ti)升建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)質量。建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)主(zhu)要就是做(zuo)(zuo)好工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)全過程(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)控、系統化(hua)管(guan)控工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。針對于建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)特定的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)標(biao)，做(zuo)(zuo)好資(zi)源管(guan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，顯著(zhu)提(ti)升建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量。在做(zuo)(zuo)好成本管(guan)理(li)(li)、工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)進度管(guan)理(li)(li)、造(zao)價管(guan)理(li)(li)、質量管(guan)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)同時(shi)，糾(jiu)正工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)投(tou)(tou)資(zi)的(de)(de)不規范(fan)行為，規避建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)理(li)(li)損失與(yu)(yu)浪費。在分析建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)影(ying)響因素的(de)(de)同時(shi)，提(ti)出針對性解決(jue)策略，引入先進的(de)(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)技術，實現建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)企業健康可持續(xu)發(fa)展目(mu)(mu)標(biao)。

　　1.建筑工程施工管理要素

　　在實際的建筑工程項目(mu)管(guan)理(li)過程中，需要(yao)做好一系列的管(guan)理(li)工作(zuo)，順利的實現(xian)企業項目(mu)目(mu)標(biao)。建設項目(mu)參建方主要(yao)由施工、監理(li)構(gou)成(cheng)。在實際的項目(mu)流程設計環(huan)節中，還(huan)包括許多(duo)不(bu)同的管(guan)理(li)要(yao)素，具體如下。

　　(1)在配置生(sheng)產要素的時候，需(xu)要保證(zheng)生(sheng)產要素適量，還需(xu)要保證(zheng)比例合適，滿足基礎的施工需(xu)求。

　　(2)實現生(sheng)產要素(su)優(you)化(hua)組合的基礎目(mu)標。在對(dui)投入施工項目(mu)生(sheng)產要素(su)進行控制(zhi)的同時(shi)，務必要做好科學化(hua)的搭(da)配工作，并將實際作用發揮到最大化(hua)。

　　(3)做好生產(chan)要(yao)素動(dong)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)理工作，其屬于優化(hua)(hua)配(pei)置(zhi)的(de)核心手段(duan)。在(zai)制(zhi)定(ding)動(dong)態(tai)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)理目標的(de)同(tong)時(shi)，最基礎的(de)內容就是結合項(xiang)(xiang)目的(de)內在(zai)規律、有計劃的(de)開展多項(xiang)(xiang)生產(chan)要(yao)素的(de)控制(zhi)工作，還需要(yao)保證項(xiang)(xiang)目建(jian)設活(huo)動(dong)順利開展。

　　(4)科學化、高效(xiao)的(de)利(li)用資源，能顯著提升項目(mu)管理效(xiao)益，以成本管理為核心要素(su)，落(luo)實合(he)理的(de)施工計(ji)劃(hua)，保(bao)障施工質量。

　　2.建筑工程施工管理面臨的核心問題

　　2.1建筑工程(cheng)施(shi)工管理體(ti)系不(bu)完善

　　當前，我(wo)國還沒(mei)(mei)有搭建完善的(de)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)機(ji)制(zhi)，許多建筑(zhu)企(qi)業缺(que)乏完善的(de)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)組(zu)織(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)。在人才管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、技術(shu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)、組(zu)織(zhi)體系(xi)(xi)、服務功能等(deng)方面，都與(yu)建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)要求與(yu)標(biao)準存在一(yi)定的(de)差距。雖然(ran)我(wo)國制(zhi)定了(le)相關的(de)規章制(zhi)度(du)體系(xi)(xi)，但就實際情況來看，大部(bu)(bu)分建筑(zhu)企(qi)業都沒(mei)(mei)有順(shun)利的(de)執行這項制(zhi)度(du)[1]。部(bu)(bu)分建筑(zhu)企(qi)業僅(jin)僅(jin)建設(she)了(le)承(cheng)包部(bu)(bu)門(men)，但是沒(mei)(mei)有做好材料采購(gou)的(de)控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，成立質量控(kong)制(zhi)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)經營管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)部(bu)(bu)門(men)，影響建筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)規范性(xing)。

　　2.2施工(gong)技術問(wen)題(ti)

　　在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環節中，包(bao)括許多(duo)不(bu)同的(de)(de)項(xiang)目。不(bu)單單包(bao)括建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)主體結構、打好(hao)地基基礎(chu)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)屋面等，還會對(dui)(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序提(ti)出(chu)不(bu)同的(de)(de)要求。基于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量顯著提(ti)升的(de)(de)條件下，還有(you)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企業采(cai)用傳統(tong)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)，沒有(you)做(zuo)好(hao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境的(de)(de)調研工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。在(zai)沒有(you)充分(fen)(fen)了解(jie)設(she)(she)計圖紙(zhi)關鍵點(dian)之前，使得(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)企業無(wu)法(fa)結合施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)環境、陳舊的(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術(shu)做(zuo)好(hao)組織分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作[2]。此外，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)技術(shu)水平有(you)待(dai)提(ti)升，一線施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)大都(dou)是知識(shi)水平較低的(de)(de)農(nong)村務工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，對(dui)(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)知識(shi)了解(jie)不(bu)到位，沒有(you)經(jing)過(guo)專業培訓。長(chang)此以往，如(ru)果碰到了突發技術(shu)事故，就無(wu)法(fa)有(you)效提(ti)出(chu)處(chu)理方案，出(chu)現(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)進度被拖延的(de)(de)情況。

　　2.3施工材(cai)料問(wen)題

　　施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)與(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點有著直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系。建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)需要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)種類較多，無法實施(shi)(shi)(shi)全面管(guan)控的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作。所以，建筑(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)進行把控，主(zhu)要(yao)就是(shi)利用隨(sui)機抽樣檢(jian)(jian)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式。由于(yu)建筑(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)沒(mei)有在(zai)事前(qian)建立與(yu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)供(gong)應(ying)商的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)交流溝通機制，使得(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后出(chu)(chu)現(xian)了材(cai)(cai)料(liao)供(gong)應(ying)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)。此(ci)外，建筑(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)對(dui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)檢(jian)(jian)查比(bi)較隨(sui)意，沒(mei)有結合施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)檢(jian)(jian)查的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各項規章制度實施(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)查，可能出(chu)(chu)現(xian)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)沒(mei)有合理運用到施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況。尤其是(shi)對(dui)新興現(xian)代(dai)化材(cai)(cai)料(liao)來說，質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)檢(jian)(jian)查人(ren)員之前(qian)接觸不多，可能存在(zai)審核(he)不嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況，甚(shen)至引發一定材(cai)(cai)料(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安全隱患問題(ti)。此(ci)外，建筑(zhu)(zhu)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)偷工(gong)(gong)(gong)減料(liao)、低價購(gou)買建筑(zhu)(zhu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)，雖然能減少成(cheng)本，但是(shi)會(hui)對(dui)建筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)產生較大影響，造成(cheng)更(geng)大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟損失(shi)。

　　3.加強建筑工程施工管理提高工程質量的有效路徑

　　3.1加強工(gong)程(cheng)質量管理力度

　　要想(xiang)有效(xiao)的(de)強化(hua)工程施工質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)力度(du)，就應當貫徹施工質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)問(wen)責(ze)(ze)機制，秉承誰主(zhu)管(guan)、誰負責(ze)(ze)的(de)基本(ben)原(yuan)則，加(jia)強施工項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)的(de)全過程管(guan)控力度(du)。第一，要明確(que)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標準，主(zhu)要就是以企(qi)業制定(ding)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標準、國家(jia)頒布(bu)的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標準為(wei)基礎。第二，踐行(xing)完善(shan)的(de)檢(jian)查制度(du)，建立(li)完善(shan)的(de)監督管(guan)理(li)網(wang)絡，組(zu)織監理(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、施工人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)部參與抽(chou)檢(jian)活(huo)動中[3]。第三，順利(li)落實技術(shu)交底工作，使得項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經理(li)到施工人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)、專業班(ban)組(zu)長(chang)、項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)技術(shu)負責(ze)(ze)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)入手，做好建筑工人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)交底工作，使得相關人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)清楚(chu)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)管(guan)控等級與標準。

　　3.2落實(shi)工程進度管理工作

　　做好(hao)建筑(zhu)施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目(mu)的進度(du)(du)管理工(gong)(gong)作，主(zhu)要就是對(dui)施工(gong)(gong)進度(du)(du)、以(yi)及計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)吻合(he)情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)進行(xing)核(he)查。如果(guo)某一部(bu)分分項(xiang)工(gong)(gong)程存在偏差較大的情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)，則需要組織建筑(zhu)單(dan)位(wei)與組織監理負(fu)責人，做好(hao)全(quan)面分析(xi)工(gong)(gong)作，發現(xian)導(dao)致差異的核(he)心影響(xiang)因素。在了解偏差以(yi)后，分析(xi)對(dui)后續工(gong)(gong)序、施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)期的影響(xiang)程度(du)(du)，優化工(gong)(gong)期，對(dui)進度(du)(du)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)進行(xing)調整，編(bian)制完善(shan)的施工(gong)(gong)方案，促進項(xiang)目(mu)施工(gong)(gong)活(huo)動按期竣工(gong)(gong)。

　　3.3加(jia)強工程成本管(guan)理力(li)度

　　對于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管理(li)進行(xing)分析，核心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)容就是(shi)對人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)費(fei)用、機(ji)械設(she)備(bei)費(fei)用、材料費(fei)用等進行(xing)把(ba)控(kong)，確保安全生產管控(kong)到(dao)位。做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，需要(yao)結合優(you)選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)，編制(zhi)經(jing)濟合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，促進工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)活動順利(li)進行(xing)。通過(guo)科(ke)學化的(de)(de)(de)(de)使用新工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、技術(shu)等，減(jian)少工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)，顯(xian)著(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)提升(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)械化施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)水平(ping)。在(zai)減(jian)少人(ren)力(li)資源成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)同時，促進工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)順利(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)全局性的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管理(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，對各類資源消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)進行(xing)把(ba)控(kong)，提升(sheng)(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)綜合利(li)潤。與(yu)此(ci)同時，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑企業建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)責任制(zhi)度，有助于做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)對項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)全過(guo)程的(de)(de)(de)(de)把(ba)控(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。通過(guo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)責任制(zhi)，可以從多個方(fang)面加強(qiang)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管控(kong)力(li)度，并約束(shu)項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)，對其(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作方(fang)向提供(gong)相應的(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)，編制(zhi)完善的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管理(li)計劃。與(yu)此(ci)同時，提升(sheng)(sheng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)員良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管控(kong)意(yi)識(shi)，充分了解施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)階段的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)控(kong)制(zhi)意(yi)義，順利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)達(da)成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)(mu)(mu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)任務，做(zuo)(zuo)好(hao)自身崗位本(ben)(ben)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作。在(zai)此(ci)基(ji)礎上，促進各個環(huan)節的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作都(dou)可以滿足(zu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑質(zhi)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能性，順利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)達(da)成(cheng)經(jing)濟指標，不斷加強(qiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)本(ben)(ben)管控(kong)力(li)度。

　　3.4做好技(ji)術交(jiao)底(di)工作

　　在建筑施(shi)工(gong)各個環節中，可能出現施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)序復雜的情況。所以，就要(yao)做好(hao)施(shi)工(gong)過程的溝通與交(jiao)(jiao)流，避免產生技(ji)術(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)無法對(dui)接的問(wen)題。在現場施(shi)工(gong)活動開(kai)始(shi)之前，施(shi)工(gong)管理人(ren)員要(yao)充分了解施(shi)工(gong)設計(ji)圖紙，并結合施(shi)工(gong)各項要(yao)求，確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)技(ji)術(shu)準備(bei)工(gong)作到位，使用先進的施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)，保(bao)(bao)證施(shi)工(gong)安全性，投入適當的人(ren)力。針對(dui)于(yu)設備(bei)問(wen)題、成本問(wen)題、材料問(wen)題等，提出相應的施(shi)工(gong)組織計(ji)劃，還要(yao)確(que)(que)保(bao)(bao)施(shi)工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)交(jiao)(jiao)底(di)到位。

　　3.5創新施工組織機構

　　在實(shi)際的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)環節中，項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)門大都更加關注自身的(de)(de)實(shi)際利益，存在項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)部(bu)運作(zuo)與(yu)(yu)企(qi)業發展目(mu)標(biao)(biao)相互脫離的(de)(de)情況，甚至帶來一定的(de)(de)隱患(huan)。另(ling)外，為了做(zuo)好項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)的(de)(de)約書與(yu)(yu)監督工(gong)作(zuo)，企(qi)業就需要(yao)與(yu)(yu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)簽(qian)(qian)署責(ze)(ze)任書，領導者(zhe)可以(yi)對(dui)人力(li)、材(cai)料等進(jin)行處置，還可以(yi)指揮項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)，擁有決(jue)策權，使得責(ze)(ze)任書無(wu)法對(dui)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)經(jing)(jing)理(li)形成制約。基于此(ci)，為了轉變這一情況，就需要(yao)實(shi)現組織機構創新(xin)目(mu)標(biao)(biao)，豐富建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)工(gong)管(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)相關內(nei)容(rong)，從簽(qian)(qian)訂合同、履(lv)行合同、投標(biao)(biao)競爭等角度入手，開展市(shi)場調研與(yu)(yu)分(fen)析的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)，優化組織結構，做(zuo)好建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)全過程管(guan)控工(gong)作(zuo)，進(jin)而切實(shi)提(ti)升(sheng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)施(shi)工(gong)質(zhi)量

　　3.6實(shi)現施工技術創新

　　在(zai)建筑工程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)管控(kong)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，最關(guan)鍵的(de)(de)(de)就是實現(xian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)基礎目(mu)(mu)(mu)標。項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實施主要(yao)就是在(zai)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)發(fa)生階(jie)段，創(chuang)新(xin)新(xin)工藝(yi)、新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)等，避(bi)免對(dui)工程項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)實際質(zhi)量(liang)、成本進(jin)度帶來影(ying)響。在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)實施過程中(zhong)(zhong)，企(qi)業研(yan)發(fa)利用(yong)新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，能(neng)創(chuang)造(zao)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)益(yi)。企(qi)業要(yao)想在(zai)多變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)建筑市(shi)場環(huan)境中(zhong)(zhong)站穩腳跟，就需要(yao)了解競(jing)爭(zheng)對(dui)手的(de)(de)(de)實際情況，做好新(xin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)開發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)工作，在(zai)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)施工中(zhong)(zhong)引入先進(jin)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)，保(bao)質(zhi)保(bao)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)完成施工項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)。

　　3.7落實事故預控措施

　　目前，在建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)程項目實施(shi)的(de)(de)(de)過程中(zhong)，會使用許多新(xin)型的(de)(de)(de)設(she)備以及(ji)建(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)材料(liao)，自然(ran)也容易引發(fa)多種(zhong)事故(gu)問題(ti)。要想做好事故(gu)發(fa)生前的(de)(de)(de)預防控(kong)制(zhi)工(gong)作，就需(xu)要立足(zu)于(yu)基本情況，制(zhi)定(ding)相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)方案。若采用一成不變的(de)(de)(de)管理(li)模式，則無法滿足(zu)安全施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)。在施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)的(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)環(huan)節中(zhong)，需(xu)要落實事故(gu)預防方案，才能(neng)滿足(zu)基礎的(de)(de)(de)項目建(jian)設(she)目標，促進施(shi)工(gong)管理(li)體制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)創新(xin)與改革(ge)。

　　3.8嚴(yan)格控制(zhi)材料質量

　　在(zai)(zai)實際(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階(jie)段，要更(geng)加嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。在(zai)(zai)提(ti)升采購(gou)人員(yuan)、材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)人員(yuan)專(zhuan)業素(su)養的(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，提(ti)升其(qi)職業道德修養。相(xiang)(xiang)關人員(yuan)還(huan)需(xu)要做(zuo)好采購(gou)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)把控(kong)(kong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，規(gui)定采購(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)與(yu)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)，并(bing)(bing)結合施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙開展各項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)活動。此外，選(xuan)擇(ze)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)供(gong)應(ying)商，提(ti)出貨比三家的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)，獲(huo)取(qu)到(dao)(dao)經濟性(xing)較(jiao)強(qiang)、質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，與(yu)信譽度較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)供(gong)應(ying)商達成長(chang)期合作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)[4]。要想促進(jin)(jin)在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期內順利的(de)(de)(de)(de)完成各項(xiang)(xiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)目(mu)標，并(bing)(bing)對(dui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)(jian)(jian)設需(xu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)物資、設備、材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)等(deng)進(jin)(jin)行統籌(chou)安排，并(bing)(bing)確(que)(que)保(bao)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)能順利進(jin)(jin)場(chang)。在(zai)(zai)簽署了(le)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)合同(tong)以后(hou)，相(xiang)(xiang)關的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)管理(li)人員(yuan)應(ying)當確(que)(que)保(bao)快速到(dao)(dao)位(wei)，還(huan)需(xu)要做(zuo)好現場(chang)調查的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，制(zhi)定符合工(gong)(gong)(gong)程需(xu)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)組織(zhi)設計(ji)方案。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程項(xiang)(xiang)目(mu)開展之前，需(xu)要結合當前的(de)(de)(de)(de)實際(ji)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)條件，對(dui)臨時的(de)(de)(de)(de)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行科學化的(de)(de)(de)(de)安排，并(bing)(bing)加強(qiang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)準備管控(kong)(kong)力度，進(jin)(jin)一步(bu)落實關鍵的(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方案與(yu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。最后(hou)，做(zuo)好施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)場(chang)更(geng)加嚴(yan)格(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)審查工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)質(zhi)(zhi)檢(jian)人員(yuan)進(jin)(jin)行專(zhuan)業的(de)(de)(de)(de)培(pei)訓，還(huan)要充分(fen)了(le)解新材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)基本特點，等(deng)到(dao)(dao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)檢(jian)驗(yan)合格(ge)之后(hou)，才可(ke)以上報給(gei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設單位(wei)、監(jian)理(li)單位(wei)等(deng)，并(bing)(bing)且做(zuo)好驗(yan)收工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)分(fen)類(lei)整(zheng)理(li)層面的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)監(jian)督管理(li)人員(yuan)要對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)購(gou)買(mai)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)進(jin)(jin)行記錄(lu)，了(le)解材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)，還(huan)需(xu)要對(dui)材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)出入庫時間(jian)進(jin)(jin)行記錄(lu)，做(zuo)好材(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)盤點的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，確(que)(que)保(bao)賬實相(xiang)(xiang)符。

　　3.9施工(gong)項(xiang)目驗收

　　在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)項(xiang)目竣工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)合(he)格以后，促進各(ge)項(xiang)結(jie)(jie)算工(gong)(gong)作順(shun)利(li)開展。因(yin)此，做好(hao)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)工(gong)(gong)作需(xu)要(yao)在(zai)結(jie)(jie)束施工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作以后開展。部分施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)的(de)(de)環節(jie)(jie)中(zhong)，存在(zai)進程(cheng)緩(huan)慢的(de)(de)情況(kuang)，核(he)心(xin)影響因(yin)素就是(shi)缺乏完善的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)資料，一般都是(shi)在(zai)項(xiang)目結(jie)(jie)束以后補充資料。對(dui)于整理(li)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)資料來說，尤(you)其是(shi)較為隱蔽的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)記錄、材料質保資料等，都要(yao)在(zai)施工(gong)(gong)環節(jie)(jie)中(zhong)，做好(hao)全面整理(li)匯總歸檔的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作，注意隨(sui)時(shi)接受工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)監(jian)管單(dan)(dan)位(wei)檢查與(yu)監(jian)督(du)。另(ling)外，最重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)就是(shi)施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)要(yao)注意與(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設單(dan)(dan)位(wei)、監(jian)督(du)人員的(de)(de)溝通。因(yin)為建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)師程(cheng)序(xu)化的(de)(de)過程(cheng)，主(zhu)要(yao)就是(shi)通過驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)活動(dong)，順(shun)利(li)的(de)(de)交付(fu)使(shi)用(yong)。施工(gong)(gong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)是(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)核(he)心(xin)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)，需(xu)要(yao)對(dui)相互(hu)結(jie)(jie)合(he)的(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)進行處理(li)，還需(xu)要(yao)促進建(jian)(jian)(jian)設項(xiang)目驗(yan)(yan)收(shou)活動(dong)順(shun)利(li)開展。

　　結(jie)束語：隨著經濟的(de)(de)(de)持續(xu)進步(bu)與發展，大眾更加(jia)關注(zhu)如何(he)顯著的(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)建(jian)(jian)筑工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)。因此(ci)，建(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)業(ye)就(jiu)需要加(jia)強(qiang)建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)力度(du)，并(bing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)建(jian)(jian)筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)科學性。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)環節(jie)中，建(jian)(jian)筑企(qi)業(ye)要將重(zhong)心(xin)放(fang)在(zai)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)安全、成本管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、文件(jian)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)、進度(du)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)層(ceng)面。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)設質(zhi)量(liang)規(gui)(gui)范體系的(de)(de)(de)同(tong)時，提(ti)(ti)(ti)出流(liu)程(cheng)操(cao)作規(gui)(gui)范性管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)思路。此(ci)外，對于建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)構與自然(ran)條件(jian)，施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)業(ye)需要提(ti)(ti)(ti)早做出預防與管(guan)(guan)控(kong)策略，規(gui)(gui)避(bi)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段受到自然(ran)條件(jian)因素的(de)(de)(de)制約，做好建(jian)(jian)筑結(jie)構管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作。在(zai)整個(ge)環節(jie)中，做好建(jian)(jian)筑材料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)控(kong)工(gong)(gong)作，規(gui)(gui)范化(hua)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)體系，確保(bao)技術交底工(gong)(gong)作到位，加(jia)強(qiang)安全管(guan)(guan)控(kong)力度(du)，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)效(xiao)率，保(bao)障施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質(zhi)量(liang)。

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