隨著技(ji)術(shu)進步(bu)、政策(ce)扶持以及企(qi)業(ye)(ye)投(tou)(tou)入增加(jia)，我國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)源汽車行業(ye)(ye)近兩年迎(ying)來了(le)跨越(yue)式發(fa)展(zhan)。不過，隨著新(xin)能(neng)源汽車行業(ye)(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)提速，充電(dian)樁(zhuang)數量有限的(de)瓶頸逐漸顯露出來，而這(zhe)也構成了(le)資本市場的(de)潛在投(tou)(tou)資機會。有分析人士指出，我國(guo)發(fa)展(zhan)以純電(dian)動(dong)為主的(de)新(xin)能(neng)源汽車的(de)產業(ye)(ye)政策(ce)路徑日益(yi)清晰，這(zhe)意味著充電(dian)樁(zhuang)后續將不可避免地迎(ying)來建設(she)高潮，并給(gei)相關上市公(gong)司(si)帶(dai)來顯著投(tou)(tou)資機遇。
新能源汽車跨越發展
充電樁成制約因素
自2013年(nian)開始，我國新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車進入產業(ye)化(hua)時代。今年(nian)以來，我國新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車銷量(liang)出現明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)增長，據相關統計，截至今年(nian)上半(ban)年(nian)，新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車累計銷量(liang)在6萬(wan)輛左右(you)。新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)車銷量(liang)的明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)走高與政(zheng)策的強力支持(chi)密不可分。
9月(yue)16日(ri)，交通部(bu)印(yin)發(fa)(fa)《交通運(yun)輸部(bu)關(guan)于加(jia)快新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)實施意(yi)見(征求(qiu)意(yi)見稿)》，指出(chu)：至2020年，新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車在交通運(yun)輸行業(ye)的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)將(jiang)初具規模，總量達到30萬輛。交通部(bu)在三大領域廣(guang)(guang)開綠燈，要求(qiu)城市公(gong)交車、出(chu)租車和(he)城市物流配送車運(yun)營(ying)權要優先(xian)授(shou)予新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車。對此(ci)，民(min)生證券研究報(bao)告(gao)指出(chu)，采(cai)取積(ji)極(ji)政策措施支持電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車發(fa)(fa)展，將(jiang)有(you)利于降低電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車使用(yong)(yong)成本(ben)，在鼓勵(li)消費者購(gou)買使用(yong)(yong)電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車、促進(jin)電動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)方面發(fa)(fa)揮積(ji)極(ji)作用(yong)(yong)。新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車政策密集出(chu)臺，包括新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車減免購(gou)置(zhi)稅、新能(neng)源(yuan)公(gong)車采(cai)購(gou)方案與《關(guan)于加(jia)快新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車推(tui)廣(guang)(guang)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)的(de)指導意(yi)見》等(deng)，將(jiang)令新能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車產業(ye)化步伐(fa)繼續(xu)加(jia)快。
地方(fang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)發展(zhan)(zhan)扶持(chi)政(zheng)策也在(zai)(zai)(zai)不斷(duan)出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)。比(bi)如，9月24日，太(tai)原市(shi)(shi)出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)《太(tai)原市(shi)(shi)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)推廣應用(yong)實施方(fang)案》，提出(chu)購(gou)(gou)買一輛(liang)(liang)純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)乘(cheng)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)最高(gao)可享受8萬(wan)(wan)元的(de)各項補(bu)(bu)貼。方(fang)案具體內容為：為推廣新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，國家補(bu)(bu)貼層面(mian)，納(na)入中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)補(bu)(bu)貼范圍的(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)、插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)混合動(dong)(dong)力汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)和燃(ran)(ran)料電(dian)(dian)(dian)池汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)，其(qi)國家補(bu)(bu)貼標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)依據新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)與同類傳統汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)基礎差價(jia)確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。購(gou)(gou)買純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)乘(cheng)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)最高(gao)補(bu)(bu)貼資(zi)金(jin)(jin)為6萬(wan)(wan)元，插(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)式(shi)混合動(dong)(dong)力乘(cheng)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)最高(gao)補(bu)(bu)貼資(zi)金(jin)(jin)為3.5萬(wan)(wan)元。太(tai)原市(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)國家和省(sheng)補(bu)(bu)貼的(de)基礎上，購(gou)(gou)買純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)乘(cheng)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)采取(qu)“固定(ding)(ding)(ding)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)“補(bu)(bu)貼，每輛(liang)(liang)補(bu)(bu)助(zhu)2萬(wan)(wan)元;燃(ran)(ran)油(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)換購(gou)(gou)純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)，再給予(yu)3000元獎(jiang)勵(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)方(fang)面(mian)，有(you)關部門(men)將(jiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)民用(yong)純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)價(jia)政(zheng)策和機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，確(que)保電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)成本顯著低(di)于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)油(you)(或(huo)低(di)于(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)成本。太(tai)原市(shi)(shi)物價(jia)局將(jiang)定(ding)(ding)(ding)期(qi)公布新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)充換電(dian)(dian)(dian)服務(wu)指導(dao)價(jia)格(ge)，并制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)出(chu)臺(tai)(tai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)年檢費(fei)等相關優惠政(zheng)策。停泊車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)優惠方(fang)面(mian)，純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)在(zai)(zai)(zai)公共停車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)場視(shi)情(qing)況減免(mian)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)費(fei)，道路內停車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)泊位免(mian)收2小時(shi)停車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)費(fei);新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)牌確(que)定(ding)(ding)(ding)專用(yong)號段(duan)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)機動(dong)(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)管(guan)理(li)部門(men)設立辦理(li)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)牌照綠色通道;鼓(gu)勵(li)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)金(jin)(jin)融公司發行(xing)金(jin)(jin)融債(zhai)券，開展(zhan)(zhan)信貸資(zi)產證(zheng)券化，增加其(qi)支持(chi)個人購(gou)(gou)買新(xin)(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)資(zi)金(jin)(jin)來源(yuan)(yuan)。
不過，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)漸有購銷(xiao)兩旺跡象的(de)時候，新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)行(xing)業發展的(de)瓶頸也逐漸顯露了出來(lai)，那就是(shi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)數量(liang)嚴重不足。據媒體報道，雖(sui)然今年(nian)(nian)(nian)上半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)累(lei)計銷(xiao)量(liang)在(zai)6萬(wan)(wan)輛左(zuo)右，但作為其基礎配套設(she)施，上半(ban)年(nian)(nian)(nian)累(lei)計建成(cheng)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)僅為2.5萬(wan)(wan)個左(zuo)右。按照日前(qian)頒布的(de)《政(zheng)府機關和公共機構購買新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)實(shi)施方(fang)案》規(gui)定，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)口與新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)數量(liang)比(bi)例不低于1∶1。以這一標(biao)準(zhun)來(lai)看(kan)，目(mu)前(qian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)數量(liang)已經(jing)不能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)滿足新能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)的(de)需求。
政策提速充電樁瓶頸有望破除
與(yu)新(xin)能源汽車(che)行業發展類(lei)似，充電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)行業的(de)(de)發展也離不開政策的(de)(de)支(zhi)持(chi)。值得注意的(de)(de)是(shi)，今年(nian)以來，充電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)行業利好政策持(chi)續密集出臺，分析人士認(ren)為(wei)這給充電樁(zhuang)(zhuang)大規模建設創造了良好環境和(he)有(you)利契(qi)機。
2014年7月下旬(xun)，發(fa)改(gai)委下發(fa)《關于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)有關問題(ti)的通(tong)(tong)知》，確定(ding)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)實(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)扶(fu)持性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)。《通(tong)(tong)知》中(zhong)明確，居民(min)家庭(ting)、住(zhu)宅小(xiao)區(qu)等(deng)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)居民(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia);經(jing)(jing)營(ying)性(xing)(xing)集中(zhong)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)大工業電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，同時2020年前免收基本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費;充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)峰谷(gu)分時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政(zheng)策(ce);各(ge)地通(tong)(tong)過財政(zheng)補貼、無償劃撥充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)建設場所等(deng)方式，積極降低(di)運營(ying)成本，合理制定(ding)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)服(fu)務(wu)費，增(zeng)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)競爭力;充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)配套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網改(gai)造(zao)成本納入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網企(qi)業輸配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)，不再收取接網費用(yong)(yong)，減輕電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)戶負擔。對此，華(hua)創證券研究報告指出，政(zheng)策(ce)發(fa)布有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁行(xing)(xing)(xing)業發(fa)展。《關于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)格(ge)政(zheng)策(ce)有關問題(ti)的通(tong)(tong)知》的發(fa)布，通(tong)(tong)過實(shi)施(shi)扶(fu)持性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價(jia)政(zheng)策(ce)，降低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，保障充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設施(shi)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)方盈利空(kong)間，有助于(yu)(yu)(yu)推動充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡建設加速(su)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽(qi)(qi)車(che)(che)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業發(fa)展。
2014年5月底，國家電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網公司宣(xuan)布(bu)向社(she)會(hui)資本(ben)(ben)開放(fang)分布(bu)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源并(bing)網工(gong)程(cheng)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁設(she)(she)(she)施兩個市(shi)場(chang)。具體內容包括：個人若有固定車(che)(che)位(wei)、小區物業(ye)(ye)也(ye)同意，可在車(che)(che)位(wei)自建(jian)(jian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁為新(xin)能(neng)源車(che)(che)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，享受5毛錢一(yi)度居民(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)價。長江證券研究報(bao)告對此指(zhi)出，本(ben)(ben)次市(shi)場(chang)開放(fang)的積極意義有二：其一(yi)，近年充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)施建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)低于預期，一(yi)是因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)保有量不足，同時也(ye)因(yin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網壟(long)斷售(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，網外主體無法建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)。本(ben)(ben)次市(shi)場(chang)放(fang)開，除將有效加速充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網絡建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)，帶來(lai)設(she)(she)(she)備需求提升(sheng)(sheng)，還將促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)銷(xiao)售(shou)。其二，以往充(chong)換(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)(she)備招標由國網組(zu)織，網外企(qi)業(ye)(ye)參與(yu)不足。本(ben)(ben)次放(fang)開后，網外設(she)(she)(she)備商銷(xiao)售(shou)渠(qu)道(dao)增加，可拓展市(shi)場(chang)提升(sheng)(sheng)。
分析人士指出(chu)，隨著一系(xi)列政策的(de)(de)密集出(chu)臺，充電樁(zhuang)行業(ye)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)有(you)望復制新能源汽車的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)路(lu)徑，逐漸(jian)進入產業(ye)化發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段。據華泰證(zheng)券統計(ji)，2012年底我國充電樁(zhuang)行業(ye)市(shi)場規(gui)模(mo)僅(jin)為10億元，市(shi)場剩余規(gui)模(mo)達到70億元-100億元，未來兩年充電樁(zhuang)行業(ye)規(gui)模(mo)很可(ke)能以井噴的(de)(de)態勢發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，行業(ye)中的(de)(de)龍頭企業(ye)有(you)機會率先做大做強。
